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Plumber/Virginia/Licensing

How to become a plumber in Virginia

Virginia licenses individual plumbers. You need a state license in your own name to do this work here, whoever you work for.

Every requirement on this page belongs to a license class the state names itself. Each one has its own experience requirements, fees and exam rules. There are six of them here, so read the one you are aiming at rather than the page as a whole.

Experience · Residential Plumber Tradesman (PLB) licenseThe state states this rather than counting hours. Every class here has its own wording, and all of it is below.Read it in full under Apprenticeship and hours

What Virginia licenses

If you work for an employerThe stateVirginia licenses you individually as a plumber.
If you run the contracting businessThe stateThe business also needs its own contractor license.

Both answers come directly from the state licensing authority.

01

Requirements and steps

We use the state's published licensing requirements throughout this page. If the state doesn't publish a requirement, we don't guess.

1

Figure out which license you need

There are two different licensing paths here: one for people working as plumbers, and one for the contracting business. If you're starting your career, focus on the worker license first. You may need the one for the business later, if you decide to run the contracting business yourself.

2

Choose the license class you're working toward

Each license class below has its own experience requirements, fees and exam rules. Start with the class you're working toward: everything below depends on it. We use the state's official license names, so you'll see the same terms on its forms.

3

Build the required experience

The experience requirements for each license are quoted below exactly as the state publishes them. The licensing authority decides whether your experience qualifies, so keep your own record from day one and make sure your employer can verify your hours.

4

Take the exam

If your license requires an exam, the exam name and its fee are listed under that license class. The licensing authority and the testing company are often different organizations, so the exam fee is often paid to the testing company. That's why the exam fee may appear in the candidate bulletin instead of the fee schedule.

5

Apply, pay, and keep it current

Each license class below lists the fees the state publishes for it. Renewal varies by class too, so check the renewal period and fee for the class you are working toward rather than for the trade as a whole.

02

If you want to do the work

Three of Virginia's licenses are held by the worker. Each is a separate license with its own experience requirements, fees and exam rules.

Not published for any class here: job hours or an application fee. Virginia does not publish a reciprocity list for these licenses.

Residential Plumber Tradesman (PLB) license4

Held by the worker · issued by the state

160 hours in a classroom.5 $150 for the license itself.7 PSI administers the exam.2 You renew this every three years, for $160, with 3 hours of approved continuing education.8

Worth knowing160 hours is the top of a range rather than a requirement. You can also qualify with 120 hours and three years on the job, 80 with four, 40 with five, or six years and no classroom hours at all.

Worth knowing$150 is the fee in the rule, and every level pays it. The board's current form charges $171.75, which is this fee plus three years of the $7.25-a-year technology charge added in July 2026.

Residential Plumber Tradesman (PLB) license

Six years of practical experience in the trade for which licensure is desired5

DPOR doesn't list an exam fee.

Journeyman Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license9

Held by the worker · issued by the state

240 hours in a classroom.5 $150 for the license itself.7 $200 to take the exam.10 PSI administers the exam.2 You renew this every three years, for $160, with 3 hours of approved continuing education.8

Worth knowing240 hours is the top of a range rather than a requirement. You can also qualify with 160 hours and five years on the job, 80 with six, 40 with seven, or eight years and no classroom hours at all.

Worth knowing$150 is the fee in the rule, and every level pays it. The board's current form charges $171.75, which is this fee plus three years of the $7.25-a-year technology charge added in July 2026.

Worth knowingThe rule sets a cap rather than a price: the board's testing vendor can charge up to $200 for the journeyman exam, and what the vendor actually charges is not on any board page we read.

Journeyman Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license

Eight years of practical experience in the trade for which licensure is desired5

Master Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license9

Held by the worker · issued by the state

$150 for the license itself.7 $225 to take the exam.10 PSI administers the exam.2 You renew this every three years, for $160, with 3 hours of approved continuing education.8

Worth knowing$150 is the fee in the rule, and every level pays it. The board's current form charges $171.75, which is this fee plus three years of the $7.25-a-year technology charge added in July 2026.

Worth knowingThe rule sets a cap rather than a price: the board's testing vendor can charge up to $225 for a master exam in any trade, and what the vendor actually charges is not on any board page we read.

Master Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license

Having held a valid journeyman license in the trade for which licensure is desired for a minimum of one year5

DPOR doesn't list classroom hours.

03

Apprenticeship and hours

Nothing on this page counts your time in hours. Where a board states the requirement in years instead, the years are in its own wording with each class, and turning them into hours would need a working week no board here publishes.

DPOR does say whether the hours it requires can be earned online.

Residential Plumber Tradesman (PLB) license · Journeyman Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license

"Formal vocational training" means courses in the trade administered at an accredited educational facility; or formal training, approved by the board, conducted by trade associations, businesses, the military, correspondence schools, or other similar training organizations.6

Class A contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification · Class B contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification · Class C contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification

All courses offered by prelicense education providers must be approved by the board prior to the initial offering of the course and cover business principles related to the standards of conduct found in 18VAC50-22-260 B and other applicable requirements of continued licensure set forth in this chapter. Courses must be six hours in length. Correspondence and other distance learning courses must include appropriate testing procedures to verify completion of the course.12

230 registered apprenticeships train Virginia plumbers. People who finished one recently left at a median of $23.00 an hour.

See every program and what they pay
04

What it pays

Among the plumbers on a payroll in Virginia, half earn more than $29.07 an hour and half earn less. The federal wage survey puts the annual figure at $60,470.3

  1. $21.14The bottom tenth earn this or less3
  2. $37.52The top tenth earn this or more3

These figures cover every experience level, from first-year apprentices to workers with decades on the job, so this is not what an apprentice earns. The survey counts 13,780 of these jobs. Self-employed workers are not included in the survey.3

The yearly figure assumes 2,080 paid hours, which is full time with no long gaps. Actual earnings can be lower where work is interrupted or seasonal.

Figures from the federal wage survey for May 2025, read 2026-08-16. The survey’s state file is a spreadsheet in a zip, not a web page.

05

If you want to run a plumbing business

These credentials apply if you plan to take work in your own name. Each is issued to the business itself rather than to any one person.

Class A contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification11

Held by the business · issued by the state

8 hours in a classroom.2 $400 for the license itself.11 $200 to take the exam.14 PSI administers the exam.2 You renew this every two years, for $270. The published renewal requirements do not list any additional hours requirement.15

Worth knowingThese eight hours are a basic business course rather than trade training, and the board requires the same eight of all three contractor classes.

Worth knowingThis is one payment made with the application, so there is no separate application fee. A $25 recovery fund charge rides with it and is not part of the license fee.

Worth knowingThis is a cap rather than a price, and it applies per exam element. Take more than one element and you pay more than once.

Class A contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification

Master plumber tradesman license issued by the Board for Contractors13

Class B contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification11

Held by the business · issued by the state

8 hours in a classroom.2 $380 for the license itself.11 $200 to take the exam.14 PSI administers the exam.2 You renew this every two years, for $260. The published renewal requirements do not list any additional hours requirement.15

Worth knowingThese eight hours are a basic business course rather than trade training, and the board requires the same eight of all three contractor classes.

Worth knowingThis is one payment made with the application, so there is no separate application fee. A $25 recovery fund charge rides with it and is not part of the license fee.

Worth knowingThis is a cap rather than a price, and it applies per exam element. Take more than one element and you pay more than once.

Class B contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification

Master plumber tradesman license issued by the Board for Contractors13

Class C contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification11

Held by the business · issued by the state

8 hours in a classroom.2 $235 for the license itself.11 PSI administers the exam.2 You renew this every two years, for $220. The published renewal requirements do not list any additional hours requirement.15

Worth knowingThese eight hours are a basic business course rather than trade training, and the board requires the same eight of all three contractor classes.

Worth knowingThis is one payment made with the application, so there is no separate application fee. A $25 recovery fund charge rides with it and is not part of the license fee.

Class C contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification

Master plumber tradesman license issued by the Board for Contractors13

DPOR doesn't list an exam name or an exam fee.

06

The examination

PSI administers every exam listed on this page. The exam provider sets the exam content, publishes the study material and sets retake fees. Use the official exam names below when you look for study material, application instructions or retake information. Exam fees are listed with each class above.

Residential Plumber Tradesman (PLB) license
Virginia residential plumber tradesman examination4
Journeyman Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license
Virginia journeyman plumber examination10
Master Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license
Virginia master plumber examination10
Class A contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification
Virginia Board for Contractors Class examination2
Class B contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification
Virginia Board for Contractors Class examination2
07

The licensing office, and how to reach it

The Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation, Board for Contractors issues all worker and contractor credentials covered on this page.

Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation, Board for Contractors12

https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/Boards/Tradesmen

08

Bringing a license in, and taking one out

Virginia does not publish a list of the states whose plumber licenses it recognizes. Moving to Virginia? Contact Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation, Board for Contractors and ask whether your current license will be recognized. Leaving? Contact the licensing authority in the state where you plan to work.

09

Questions people ask

Do you need a license to be a plumber in Virginia?

Virginia licenses individual plumbers. You need a state license in your own name to do this work here, whoever you work for. Virginia licenses plumber contractors as well. Taking work in your own name, rather than working for somebody who holds that license, needs a second and different one.

How long does it take to become a plumber in Virginia?

Not as a number: Virginia doesn't publish an hours figure for any license on this page. Several states on these pages state the requirement in years instead, and turning years into hours needs a working week nobody publishes. So this page prints what was published. The experience wording with each class is where the answer is.

How much do plumbers get paid in Virginia?

The middle half of the plumbers on a payroll in Virginia earn between $23.72 and $34.51 an hour, and half of all of them earn more than $29.07. These are straight-time figures, before any overtime, at every experience level, counted by the federal wage survey in May 2025. Self-employed workers are not included in them.3

Do plumbers make 100k a year?

The top tenth of plumbers on a payroll in Virginia earn above $37.52 an hour, which over a 2,080-hour year comes to more than $78,050. Those are straight-time figures: overtime pay is outside them, and so are self-employed workers. The federal wage survey counts what the top tenth earn above, not how many reach any figure past it. So at these rates, at most one in ten reach $100,000 on straight time.3

How much does a plumber license cost in Virginia?

The state publishes these: $150 to be issued Residential Plumber Tradesman (PLB) license, $150 to be issued Journeyman Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license, $150 to be issued Master Plumbing (PLB) tradesman license, $400 to be issued Class A contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification, $380 to be issued Class B contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification and $235 to be issued Class C contractor license, Plumbing (PLB) classification. Each is per class, not per trade. None of them is the exam: where a vendor administers the exam, that fee is the vendor's and lives in its own bulletin.

Can I use a plumber license from another state in Virginia?

Not as a published rule: Virginia publishes no list of the states it recognizes. Bringing a license in and taking one out are two separate agreements, signed and published separately. Contact the licensing authority in the state where you plan to work and ask what it will recognize.

How long does it take to become a plumber?

There is no national answer. Any page that gives you one is averaging states whose requirements differ by thousands of hours. Licensing is set state by state, and in some states city by city, so the honest version of this question has a place in it. What is the same everywhere is the shape: you learn on the job, the hours that count are the ones somebody signs for, and the clock starts the day the work does.

Can you become a plumber with no experience?

Yes, and that is the ordinary way in. These trades are learned at work rather than before it, which is why boards mostly require time on the job. What you cannot skip is the paperwork: the hours that count are the ones somebody signs for, so the question to ask an employer is who signs, not whether they will train you.

Is 30 too late to become a plumber?

No. Boards set a minimum age, not a maximum. No board on these pages sets an upper limit, and where age shows up at all it is a floor. The real question at 30 is money: an apprenticeship pays you while you learn and school charges you while you learn. That difference usually decides it.

How hard is the plumber licensing exam?

None of the boards on these pages publishes a pass rate. The useful question is who administers the exam: that organization sells the reference material for it and sets what a retake costs.

10

Sources

  1. https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/Boards/TradesmenRead 2026-08-15
  2. https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/Boards/ContractorsRead 2026-08-15
  3. https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25st.zipRead 2026-08-16
  4. https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/boards/Tradesman/A501-2709EXLIC.pdfRead 2026-08-15
  5. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter30/section39/Read 2026-08-15
  6. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter30/section10/Read 2026-08-17
  7. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter30/section90/Read 2026-08-15
  8. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter30/section120/Read 2026-08-15
  9. https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/boards/Tradesman/A501-2710EXLIC.pdfRead 2026-08-15
  10. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter30/section100/Read 2026-08-15
  11. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter22/section100/Read 2026-08-15
  12. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter22/section300/Read 2026-08-17
  13. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter22/section61/Read 2026-08-15
  14. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter22/section80/Read 2026-08-15
  15. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title18/agency50/chapter22/section110/Read 2026-08-15